The worldwide market for confocal microscopes is projected to grow from US$ 929.03 million in 2018 to US$ 1,248.86 million by 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.5% during the period from 2019 to 2027.
This growth is fueled by several factors, including supportive government initiatives and funding aimed at biological research, as well as the diverse applications of confocal microscopy in the field of bioimaging. Nevertheless, the high cost associated with these microscopes and the shortage of qualified professionals may pose challenges to the market's expansion.
A confocal microscope represents a sophisticated evolution of traditional microscopes. This modern system facilitates the optical sectioning of three-dimensional specimens without requiring invasive techniques. In contrast to standard microscopes, confocal microscopes incorporate a pinhole that filters out excess light, thereby enhancing image resolution. In biomedical research, confocal microscopy is particularly valuable for imaging both fixed and live cells and tissues that have been tagged with one or more fluorescent markers.
Despite the numerous benefits offered by confocal microscopes, the initial investment for acquiring such devices is substantial. Additionally, the ongoing maintenance costs are significant, with average service contracts costing around US$ 120,000, although this can vary by manufacturer. Factors contributing to the overall expense include the type of laser used for illumination, software add-ons, objectives, filters, and incubator chambers. Operating these high-cost devices necessitates trained personnel. While companies that manufacture these microscopes typically provide basic operational training, the overall shortage of skilled professionals capable of interpreting confocal microscopy results remains a barrier to market growth. Consequently, the combination of high costs and a lack of trained experts is expected to impede the advancement of the confocal microscopes market.
The global confocal microscopes market is categorized based on type and end user. The type segment includes multi-photon microscopy and confocal disk spinning microscopy. In terms of end users, the market is divided into hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, and academic and research institutions.
Key primary and secondary sources referenced in this report include organizations such as the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Center for iPSc Research and Applications, the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Royal Society of Medicine, among others.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of the Study
1.2 Research Report Guidance
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.3.1 Global Confocal Microscopes Market - By Type
1.3.2 Global Confocal Microscopes Market - By End User
1.3.3 Global Confocal Microscopes Market - By Geography
2. Global Confocal Microscopes Market - Key Takeaways
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Coverage
3.2 Secondary Research
3.3 Primary Research
4. Global Confocal Microscopes Market Landscape
4.1 Overview
4.2 PEST Analysis
4.2.1 North America PEST Analysis
4.2.2 Europe PEST Analysis
4.2.3 Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
4.2.4 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
4.2.5 South & Central America PEST Analysis
5. Global Confocal Microscopes Market - Key Industry Dynamics
5.1 Key Market Drivers
5.1.1 Government Policies And Funding For Biological Research
5.1.2 Application Of Confocal Microscopy In Bio imaging
5.2 Key Market Restraints
5.2.1 High Price And Lack Of Skilled Professional
5.3 Key Market Opportunities
5.3.1 Growth Opportunities Being Offered by Emerging Nations
5.4 Future Trend
5.4.1 Developing Techniques And Focus Of Players In Emerging Countries
5.5 Impact Analysis
6. Confocal Microscopes Market - Global Analysis
6.1 Global Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue Forecasts And Analysis
6.2 Global Confocal Microscopes Market, By Geography - Forecasts And Analysis
6.3 Positioning of Key Players
7. Global Confocal Microscopes Market Analysis- by Type
7.1 Overview
7.2 Global Confocal Microscopes Market, By Type, 2018 & 2027 (%)
7.3 Multi-Photon Microscopy Market
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Multi-Photon Microscopy Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
7.4 Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy Market
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
8. Global Confocal Microscopes Market Analysis- by End User
8.1 Overview
8.2 Global Confocal microscopes Market, By End User 2018 & 2027 (%)
8.3 Academics & Research Institute Market
8.3.1 Overview
8.3.2 Academics & Research Institute Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
8.4 Hospital Market
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Hospital Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
8.5 Diagnostic Laboratories Market
8.5.1 Overview
8.5.2 Diagnostic Laboratories Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9. Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 - Geographical Analysis
9.1 North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts To 2027
9.1.1 North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.2 North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.1.3 North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.1.4 North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027, By Country (%)
9.1.5 US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.5.1 US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.5.2 US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.1.5.3 US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.1.6 Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.6.1 Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.6.2 Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.1.6.3 Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.1.7 Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.7.1 Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.1.7.2 Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.1.7.3 Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2 Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts To 2027
9.2.1 Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.2 Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.3 Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2.4 Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027, By Country (%)
9.2.5 UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.5.1 UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.5.2 UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.5.3 UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2.6 Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.6.1 Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.6.2 Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.6.3 Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2.7 France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.7.1 France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.7.2 France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.7.3 France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2.8 Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.8.1 Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.8.2 Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.8.3 Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.2.9 Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.9.1 Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.2.9.2 Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.2.9.3 Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3 Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027
9.3.1 Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.2 Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.3 Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3.4 Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027, By Country (%)
9.3.5 Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.5.1 Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.5.2 Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.5.3 Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3.6 China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.6.1 China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.6.2 China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.6.3 China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3.7 India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.7.1 India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.7.2 India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.7.3 India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3.8 South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.8.1 South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.8.2 South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.8.3 South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.3.9 Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.9.1 Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.3.9.2 Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.3.9.3 Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.4 Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts To 2027
9.4.1 Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.2 Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.4.3 Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.4.4 Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027, By Country (%)
9.4.5 UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.5.1 UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.5.2 UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.4.5.3 UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.4.6 Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.6.1 Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.6.2 Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.4.6.3 Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.4.7 South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.7.1 South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.4.7.2 South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.4.7.3 South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.5 South And Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts To 2027
9.5.1 South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.5.2 South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.5.3 South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.5.4 South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027, By Country (%)
9.5.5 Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.5.5.1 Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.5.5.2 Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.5.5.3 Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
9.5.6 Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.5.6.1 Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2027 (US$ Mn)
9.5.6.2 Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
9.5.6.3 Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
10. Confocal Microscopes Market- Industry Landscape
10.1 Overview
10.2 Growth Strategies in the Confocal Microscopes Market, 2016-2019
10.3 Organic Growth Strategies
10.3.1 Overview
10.3.2 Organic Growth Strategies in the Confocal Microscopes Market, 2016-2019 (%)
10.3.3 Product Launches & Development
10.3.3.1 Recent Product Launches & Development By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
10.3.4 Business Expansion
10.3.4.1 Recent Business Expansion By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
10.4 Inorganic Growth Strategies
10.4.1 Overview
10.4.2 Inorganic Growth Strategies in the Confocal Microscopes Market, 2016-2019 (%)
10.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions
10.4.3.1 Recent Mergers & Acquisitions By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
10.4.4 Agreements
10.4.4.1 Recent Agreements By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
11. Confocal Microscopes Market-Key Company Profiles
11.1 Oxford Instruments
11.1.1 Key Facts
11.1.2 Business Description
11.1.3 Financial Overview
11.1.4 Product Portfolio
11.1.5 SWOT Analysis
11.1.6 Key Developments
11.2 Thorlabs, Inc.
11.2.1 Key Facts
11.2.2 Business Description
11.2.3 Financial Overview
11.2.4 Product Portfolio
11.2.5 SWOT Analysis
11.2.6 Key Developments
11.3 Confocal.nl
11.3.1 Key Facts
11.3.2 Business Description
11.3.3 Financial Overview
11.3.4 Product Portfolio
11.3.5 SWOT Analysis
11.3.6 Key Developments
11.4 Yokogawa Electric Corporation
11.4.1 Key Facts
11.4.2 Business Description
11.4.3 Financial Overview
11.4.4 Product Portfolio
11.4.5 SWOT Analysis
11.4.6 Key Developments
11.5 Nikon Corporation
11.5.1 Key Facts
11.5.2 Business Description
11.5.3 Financial Overview
11.5.4 Product Portfolio
11.5.5 SWOT Analysis
11.5.6 Key Developments
11.6 Bruker
11.6.1 Key Facts
11.6.2 Business Description
11.6.3 Financial Overview
11.6.4 Product Portfolio
11.6.5 SWOT Analysis
11.6.6 Key Developments
11.7 Leica Microsystems
11.7.1 Key Facts
11.7.2 Business Description
11.7.3 Financial Overview
11.7.4 Product Portfolio
11.7.5 SWOT Analysis
11.7.6 Key Developments
11.8 Olympus Corporation
11.8.1 Key Facts
11.8.2 Business Description
11.8.3 Financial Overview
11.8.4 Product Portfolio
11.8.5 SWOT Analysis
11.8.6 Key Developments
11.9 Carl Zeiss AG
11.9.1 Key Facts
11.9.2 Business Description
11.9.3 Financial Overview
11.9.4 Product Portfolio
11.9.5 SWOT Analysis
11.9.6 Key Developments
11.10 Keyence Corporation
11.10.1 Key Facts
11.10.2 Business Description
11.10.3 Financial Overview
11.10.4 Product Portfolio
11.10.5 SWOT Analysis
11.10.6 Key Developments
12. Appendix
12.1 About
12.2 Glossary of Terms
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 2. North America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 3. US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 4. US Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 5. Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 6. Canada Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 7. Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 8. Mexico Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 9. Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 10. Europe Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 11. UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 12. UK Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 13. Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 14. Germany Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 15. France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 16. France Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 17. Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 18. Italy Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 19. Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 20. Spain Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 21. Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 22. Asia Pacific Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 23. Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 24. Japan Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 25. China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 26. China Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 27. India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 28. India Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 29. South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 30. South Korea Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 31. Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 32. Australia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 33. Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 34. Middle East & Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 35. UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 36. UAE Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 37. Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 38. Saudi Arabia Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 39. South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 40. South Africa Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 41. South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 42. South and Central America Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 43. Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 44. Argentina Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 45. Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 46. Brazil Confocal Microscopes Market Revenue And Forecasts to 2027, By End User (US$ Mn)
Table 47. Recent Product Launches & Development in the Confocal Microscopes Market
Table 48. Recent Business Expansion By Players In The Confocal Microscopes market
Table 49. Recent Mergers & Acquisitions By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
Table 50. Recent Agreements By Players In The Confocal Microscopes Market
Table 51. Glossary of Terms, Confocal Microscopes Market
The List of Companies
1. Carl Zeiss AG
2. Nikon Corporation
3. Bruker
4. Olympus Corporation
5. Leica Microsystems
6. KEYENCE CORPORATION
7. Yokogawa Electric Corporation
8. Confocal.nl
9. Oxford Instruments
10. Thorlabs, Inc.